PPAP Submission vs ISO 2768 General Tolerances: which one fits your part
PPAP Submission is the production part approval process used in the automotive supply chain, at four levels of evidence. It is used for proving that a production process can make the part repeatedly, before series supply starts. This entry explains what it is, what the numbers on a data sheet mean, and what to put on a drawing.
It is written from the point of view of the buyer and the drawing office: the values that are realistic in production, the ones that cost money, and the way the result is verified. Where an industry sets the requirement, robotics is used as the example: repeatability across a family of near identical parts.
The short answer
PPAP Submission and ISO 2768 General Tolerances overlap, but they are not interchangeable. Choose PPAP Submission when the requirement is proving that a production process can make the part repeatedly, before series supply starts; choose ISO 2768 General Tolerances when the requirement is keeping a drawing readable, by not dimensioning every non critical size.
Side by side
| Point of comparison | PPAP Submission | ISO 2768 General Tolerances |
|---|---|---|
| What it is | the production part approval process used in the automotive supply chain, at four levels of evidence | a standard that sets the tolerance for dimensions that have no individual tolerance on the drawing |
| Used for | proving that a production process can make the part repeatedly, before series supply starts | keeping a drawing readable, by not dimensioning every non critical size |
| Typical tolerance | as the drawing, with capability on critical characteristics | ±0.2 mm for medium over 6 to 30 mm |
| Surface finish | as specified on the drawing | not specified by this standard |
| Cost driver | the documentation effort and the capability study | the class chosen, coarse is cheaper than fine |
Which one fits your part
Work from the feature that has to work. If the requirement is proving that a production process can make the part repeatedly, before series supply starts, PPAP Submission is the safer call; if it is keeping a drawing readable, by not dimensioning every non critical size, ISO 2768 General Tolerances wins on cost or on lead time. Where the drawing does not make it clear, that is the question to settle before quotation rather than after.
A note on specification
Write the drawing so that either route can be considered where the function allows. That keeps the quotation competitive and stops a process being specified where a result should have been.
Applications
PPAP Submission is used for proving that a production process can make the part repeatedly, before series supply starts, and in practice it appears most often in automotive series production, tier two supply, any customer working to IATF 16949, high volume repeat orders.
How it fits into a machining route
PPAP Submission applies to the whole drawing rather than to one operation. It sets how the part is measured as much as how it is made, which is why it belongs on the drawing from the first issue and not in a note added after a query.The route is fixed before the first part is cut, and it is the route rather than the individual setting that holds the result: the documentation effort and the capability study. Where a drawing calls for something the route cannot hold economically, that is raised at quotation rather than after the parts are made.
Standards, documentation and what is issued
The documentation requirement is IATF 16949 with a PPAP submission at the level stated by the customer. Material is supplied against a certificate where the application calls for it, inspection results are recorded with the job, and the records are kept so that a repeat order can be compared with the first instead of being measured from scratch.
A full dimensional report plus a capability study is the verification step. Where a customer format or a standard report is required, it is agreed before the batch starts, because a report written after the event is a report nobody can use.
Frequently asked questions
What tolerance should be specified for PPAP Submission?
as the drawing, with capability on critical characteristics is realistic in production. Tightening it beyond the functional requirement increases cost without improving the part.
Which material is usually used?
any is the usual choice, supplied against IATF 16949 with a PPAP submission at the level stated by the customer.
How is the result verified?
A full dimensional report plus a capability study, with the results recorded so a repeat order can be compared with the first.
What is the most common mistake?
A control plan that describes a different process from the one that runs.
How long does it take and what does it cost?
A realistic cycle is a day of documentation for a level 3, and the cost driver is the documentation effort and the capability study.
Related capability
If you are specifying PPAP Submission on a drawing and want a second opinion on the route, send the model and the quantity. The first response is a manufacturability review with the likely risk points and a quotation, so the decision can be made on facts rather than on a price alone.
Machining, inspection and documentation are handled in one place, which is why the dimensional report and the material certificate arrive with the parts rather than after them.
Related entries
These entries sit next to PPAP Submission in the encyclopedia: EN 10204 Material Certificates, Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, Thread Milling. Reading them together gives a fuller picture of how the process, the material and the measurement affect each other.
