Ti-6Al-4V Titanium specifications: what the numbers mean
Ti-6Al-4V Titanium is the standard titanium alloy, with aluminium and vanadium, used where weight and corrosion matter. It is used for aerospace structures, medical implants and high performance parts. This entry explains what it is, what the numbers on a data sheet mean, and what to put on a drawing.
It is written from the point of view of the buyer and the drawing office: the values that are realistic in production, the ones that cost money, and the way the result is verified. Where an industry sets the requirement, oil and gas is used as the example: materials that work harden and still have to be certified.
What the numbers mean
A data sheet for Ti-6Al-4V Titanium is only useful if the numbers are read against the job. The usual entries, and what they tell you, are these.
- Tensile strength – 950 MPa.
- Yield strength – 880 MPa.
- Hardness – 36 HRC.
- Density – 4.43 g/cm³.
- Machinability – poor: low thermal conductivity puts the heat into the tool.
- Temperature limit – about 400 °C in service.
Comparing offers
Two suppliers can quote the same tensile strength and mean different things, because the figures are often quoted under the most favourable conditions. Ask what the value is measured over, what the material was, and whether it is a typical or a guaranteed figure.
| Specification | Typical value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 950 MPa |
| Yield strength | 880 MPa |
| Hardness | 36 HRC |
| Density | 4.43 g/cm³ |
| Machinability | poor: low thermal conductivity puts the heat into the tool |
| Temperature limit | about 400 °C in service |
What to check before specifying
Make sure the value you need is the value you have called up. Use sharp tools, a constant engagement and plenty of coolant, and the difference between a typical and a worst case figure is where most disputes start.
Applications
Ti-6Al-4V Titanium is used for aerospace structures, medical implants and high performance parts, and in practice it appears most often in aerospace brackets, implants and trials, motorsport components, marine hardware.
How it fits into a machining route
Ti-6Al-4V Titanium is chosen at the drawing stage, and everything downstream follows from it: the tool geometry, the cutting data, the heat treatment and the certificate. Changing the grade later is a different part, not a different quote.The route is fixed before the first part is cut, and it is the route rather than the individual setting that holds the result: material cost and slow cutting speeds. Where a drawing calls for something the route cannot hold economically, that is raised at quotation rather than after the parts are made.
Standards, documentation and what is issued
The documentation requirement is AS9100 with material traceability. Material is supplied against a certificate where the application calls for it, inspection results are recorded with the job, and the records are kept so that a repeat order can be compared with the first instead of being measured from scratch.
Dimensional inspection with a certificate check is the verification step. Where a customer format or a standard report is required, it is agreed before the batch starts, because a report written after the event is a report nobody can use.
Frequently asked questions
What tolerance should be specified for Ti-6Al-4V Titanium?
±0.01 mm is realistic in production. Tightening it beyond the functional requirement increases cost without improving the part.
Which material is usually used?
Ti-6Al-4V titanium is the usual choice, supplied against AS9100 with material traceability.
How is the result verified?
Dimensional inspection with a certificate check, with the results recorded so a repeat order can be compared with the first.
What is the most common mistake?
Allowing chips to re-cut, because titanium chips are hard and angular.
How long does it take and what does it cost?
A realistic cycle is slow cutting with a low speed and a high feed, and the cost driver is material cost and slow cutting speeds.
Related capability
If you are specifying Ti-6Al-4V Titanium on a drawing and want a second opinion on the route, send the model and the quantity. The first response is a manufacturability review with the likely risk points and a quotation, so the decision can be made on facts rather than on a price alone.
Machining, inspection and documentation are handled in one place, which is why the dimensional report and the material certificate arrive with the parts rather than after them.
Related entries
These entries sit next to Ti-6Al-4V Titanium in the encyclopedia: 7075-T6 Aluminium, 2024-T3 Aluminium, Hydraulic Manifolds. Reading them together gives a fuller picture of how the process, the material and the measurement affect each other.
